Toxic information

By Alan Cassels

Drug marketing may be bad for your doctor (and even worse for you)

A version of this commentary appeared in iPolitics.ca, the Vancouver Sun and the Victoria Times Colonist

It sometimes takes a long time to discover environmental hazards, and even longer to do something about them, once discovered.

The dangers of second-hand tobacco smoke, leaded gasoline and asbestos were all deemed bad for our health many years ago, yet the lag between discovering those hazards and doing something to eliminate them took many years and cost many lives.

This week a study concerning the world of prescription drug information identified a new and potentially deadly hazard: the pharmaceutical sales rep visit.  This study, published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine and carried out by researchers in Canada, the US and France, asked the question: When a drug sales rep has a private one-to-one conversation with a doctor, what kinds of drug information do they actually receive?

If you’ve ever seen the well-dressed men and women with iPads and nice shoes in your doctor’s waiting room, you’ll know what a drug sales rep looks like. Working on behalf of pharmaceutical companies, they visit our doctors on an individual basis, often dropping off free samples of medications, talking up the company’s products and otherwise schmoozing our physicians, often promoting the newest and most expensive medicines.

This form of marketing is common in most countries, yet it has largely escaped close research scrutiny.  It’s also very big business.  Drug sales reps and the samples they drop off consume more than two thirds of the estimated $2.5 billion that the drug industry spends on drug marketing and promotions in Canada every year.

You might say, what’s wrong with companies spending money on sales visits and free samples?  Isn’t this a good way for our doctors to discover new products and become well-acquainted with the latest medicines?

Unfortunately the opposite might be true.  The study released this week found that the one important piece of information that physicians need — information on the potential harms or adverse effects of newly promoted drugs — is usually missing from the sales encounter.

The study found that in nearly 60% of promotional visits, sales representatives failed to provide any information about common or serious side-effects of the promoted drug, and also failed to explain the types of patients who should not use the medicine.

In Vancouver and Montreal, two thirds of the promotional visits had absolutely no mention of a drug’s potential harmful effects.

Probably most worrisome is that across all three countries, serious drug harms were mentioned in only six percent of the promotions, even though more than half of the medications being promoted in these office visits were drugs that came with US Food and Drug Administration “black box” or Health Canada boxed warnings — warnings that are reserved only for the most serious and potentially fatal drugs.

Barbara Mintzes, an expert in drug advertising at University of British Columbia, and a lead author of the study, said she’s concerned that such a situation leaves doctors and patients in the dark and can seriously jeopardize patient safety.  Despite laws in all three countries requiring sales representatives to provide information on the potential harms as well as the benefits of drugs, she says, “no one is monitoring these visits and there are next to no sanctions for misleading or inaccurate promotion.”

The study reinforces the conclusions of a recently published systematic review of a wide body of international research showing that physicians who are exposed to more drug-company-sponsored information[1] tend to prescribe costlier drugs, more drugs in total  and to have lower quality prescribing practices.

This earlier study examined all the research in the area and failed to find net improvements in prescribing practices resulting from drug-company visits. Instead, they recommend that physicians “follow the precautionary principle and thus avoid exposure to information from pharmaceutical companies.”

This might be the take-home message for the new three-country study as well.  All medicines can cause harm as well as benefit and doctors need to know about both. Incomplete information on a drug’s safety is likely to lead to harm, akin to an environmental toxin.

So, now the real question is: how long will it take before public authorities determine people are being harmed? And what regulations will they put in place to make sure our physicians receive balanced information about the benefits and harms of our pharmaceutical drugs?

Alan Cassels was a collaborator on this research study.  He is an expert advisor with EvidenceNetwork.ca and a pharmaceutical policy researcher at the University of Victoria.  He is the author of, Seeking Sickness: Medical Screening and the Misguided Hunt for Disease.

See the poster based on this commentary

April 2013

This Commentary is from Commentaries, Pharmaceutical Policy.

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