Difference between haploid cell and diploid

A Haploid cell is the one that has A single copy of each type of chromosomes in its nucleusthat is, there are no homologous chromosomes in this type of cells. Haploid cells are the result of a Meiotic cell division And, in turn, when presenting a copy of the genetic material, they can only perform mitosis to reproduce.

For example, in the human being the number of chromosomes is 23 pairs, where 22 are diploid somatic cells and the remaining is the haploid sex chromosome. In addition to humans’s sex cells, there are haploid ways of life that reproduce in a asexual way, such as some algae, fungi, wasps, ants or male bees (zánganos). In the case of the latter, when talking about Haploidíawhat happens is that the eggs from which they originate are not fertilized, so the number of chromosomes existing in their cells is that of the middle of the one in the queens or workers, that is, they have 16 chromosomes that come entirely from the mother.

The product of the fusion of two haploid cells from two parents gives rise to a diplode celltherefore, this has Two copies of each type of chromosome. In the human body, most of the cells that give rise to organ tissues are diploids such as intestine cells or neurons. If you wondered if a neuron is haploid or diploid, now you know that it is of the second type mentioned.

In fact, most animals and some plants are diploid organisms. Some Examples of diploid cells In animals and plants they are from mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) that have 3 pairs of chromosomes, the potato (Solanum tuberosum) which has 31, to the tent (Cyprinus Carpio) with 51 pairs of chromosomes in their cells. Although there are many plants whose life cycle is marked by presenting the two types of cells: haploid and diploid, where from a diploid body that suffers meiosis, haploid spores originate that in turn, will be divided by mitosis and will give rise to multicellular haploid organisms. From the latter, male and female haploid cells will emerge that will merge giving rise to the diploid body of the beginning.

What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell? As a summary, these are the main differences between haploid cell and diploid:

• The haploid cell has a single copy of the chromosomes and the two copies diploid cell.
• With the exception of humans’s sex cells, most animals cells are diploid. Only some algae or fungi are haploids in most of their life cycle.
• A haploid cell is the result of the mitosis of another haploid cell or the meiosis of a diploid.
• A diploid cell is the result of the fusion of two haploid cells.

Instead, these are the main similarities between haploid cell and diploid:

• Both are cells present in eukaryotic organisms.
• They originate through the cell division process.
• In the nucleus of these cells is the genetic material in the form of chromosomes.

He Cell cycle From eukaryotic cells it is divided into two main phases that are the interface, where the cell is prepared for cell division, and cell division properly. The types of sexual cell division are Meiosiswhich is the cell division process where a diploid cell separates and gives rise to four haploid cells. Each of these daughter cells contains a copy of each chromosome from the parent. On the other hand, Mitosis It is the process that results in two daughter cells identical to the mother. To make this possible, the cell has had to previously replicate its genetic material so that, thus, daughter cells receive an exact copy of this.

Although the cell cycle of eukaryotes can vary as we talk about a unicellular organism, a plant or a fungus, there is a certain pattern that remains common, where at the beginning of the two haploid cells cycle, with different genetic information in each one, they merge and give rise to a diploid cell with a mixture of genetic material of the two parents. On the other hand, it is common for myitosis to occur at some point in the cell cycle, again giving rise to haploid cells and, finally, the successive myitosis that originate in the organism of their haploid or diploid cells give rise to the development of multicellular organisms.

In this other ecology article, we tell you more about the difference between mitosis and meiosis. In addition, to learn more about cells, we advise you to read our other articles on the parts of an animal cell and the parts of a plant cell.

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