Environmental protocols: What are and examples

The Environmental protocols establish agreements and initiatives oriented to the Regulation of different environmental problems that affect both people’s health and survival of other living beings and their habitats. These protocols may be conceived as National and international agreementswith the aim of improving the environmental conditions of life of a specific region or, on the contrary, worldwide.

Each and every one of the different environmental protocols that human beings have written throughout history have legal support, that is, they are based on the application of different laws and regulations that guarantee the correct fulfillment of the objectives detailed in each protocol.

Thus, various international government organizations, such as the United Nations Organization (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), are responsible for managing and reviewing the legal and mandatory compliance with environmental protocolsby all the countries that have participated and committed to the objectives of these environmental protocols.

Let’s see below some examples of the most important and outstanding environmental protocols, many of them being essential in the ultimate goal of protecting the environment, living beings and planet Earth as a whole.

Numerous and various environmental protocols have been established until today, with the purpose of protecting life on earth and guarantee survival of the future generations of the different species that we inhabit the planet. These environmental protocols include:

• Madrid protocol (Spain, 1991) On the protection of the environment of the Antarctic Treaty. In this other ecology article, we talk about the Antarctic Treaty: what is and what it establishes.
• Cartagena protocol (Colombia, 1999) On biotechnological security. Here you can learn more about this: Cartagena protocol: what is objective and signatory countries.
• Gothenburg protocol (Germany, 1999) On the reduction of acidification, eutrophication and ozone in the troposphere.
• Aarhus protocol (Denmark, 1998) Relating to heavy metals.
• Helsinki protocol (Finland, 1985) for the decrease in sulfur emissions.
• Montreal protocol (Canada, 1989) Relating to substances that exhaust the ozone layer. If you want more information about this, you can enter this other post about Montreal protocol: what is, participating paçises and objectives.
• Kyoto protocol (Japan, 1997) On climate change and the reduction of greenhouse gases emission.

The famous and worldwide Kyoto protocol It is an environmental protocol that was written by the CMNUCC or framework convention of the United Nations on climate change. It is an agreement between several countries or nations, that is, it is international. Specifically, 187 countries from all over the world they committed themselves to decrease emissions from 6 of the main GHG o Greenhouse gases that cause the great acceleration of global warming: methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and three fluorinated industrial gases, which are hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and hexafluoruro of sulfur (SF6). The Kyoto protocol was written in the city of the same name (Kioto, Japan) in 1990, although it did not enter into force until 2005.

To learn more about this, we re -reading the reading of this other article in which we explain more in detail what the Kyoto protocol consists of.

The international initiative carried out by the Gothenburg protocol (Germany) In 1999, the objective was to Reduction of acidification and eutrophicationas well as the ozone present in the troposphere.

He entered into force in 2005, becoming one of the most prominent environmental protocols focused on control and reduction of gas emissions such as sulfuric dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), volatile organic compounds (COV) and ammonia (NH3); caused by different anthropogenic activities, which involve dangerous harmful effects on health, natural ecosystems, and crops.

Within the environmental protocols focused on the protection and conservation of a single concrete region of the planet, the Madrid protocol. It is a complementary protocol to the previously signed Antarctic treatywhich focuses on expanding the Protection of the environment of the Antarctica continentwith special interest in the ecosystems associated with the white continent.

The Madrid Protocol was signed in the Spanish capital in 1991, entering into force in 1998 and being pending review for the future 2048. Among its main objectives are the prohibition of any exploitation of the mineral resources of Antarctica (except for scientific research), as well as the evaluation and monitoring of each and every one of the different activities that are carried out in the continent, among them, tourism.

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