Peru is a country with enormous biological diversity. So much so, that in its territory you can find up to 84 of the 104 ecosystems on the entire planet, that is, almost 80%. Thanks to this spectacular percentage, Peru has entered the list of countries with more Earth’s ecosystems. In all their territory, they can be recognized 11 Ecoregions different, each with different characteristics.
If you want to see with us the different Ecoregions of Peru And learn everything about them, accompany us in this article of Ecology Verde.
The tropical sea in Peru
The Peru Tropical Sea Ecoregion It is located in a small segment of the north coast of the country. It has Warm waters that propitiate cloud formation, which end up pouring their waters in the form of rains on the coast of Piura and Tumbes. It has abundant vegetation, and with various species of flora and fauna that are not found in colder waters, such as mangrove or mangrove, a unique species here. Among the fauna, the beautiful shark, turtles, tumbes crocodile and several crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs stands out. Its temperature throughout the year ranges between 19 ºC and 23 ºC.
In this other ecology article, we talk about the Peruvian sea or sea of Grau: characteristics and animals.
The cold sea of the Peruvian current
This area is strongly influenced by the Humboldt currentwhich goes from the limit with Chile in Tacna to Punta Pariñas. Its waters come from Antarctica and from the area more south of America, so they are much colder than those of the tropical sea. It’s about very rich biologicallyso sometimes they receive the denomination of “plankton soup”, and its temperature avoids rainfall, instead favoring the formation of mist in the cold months.
Its temperature ranges between 13 ºC and 17 ºC. It offers rocky shores coast, and mangroves and animal species are also found here such as cetaceans, sea lions, humoldt penguins, anchovies and white turtles, among others.
Pacific desert
It extends along the coast, from Tacna, to the south, to Piura, to the north. It is of warm temperatures in the summer and wet winter months, station in which it is common to find the calls Garúasdense fogs that prevent the passage of sunlight. In its relief you can find elevations or hills, which make refuge for local flora and fauna. As usual in a desert, it has little biodiversitybut even 52 rivers They cross their territory, giving life to the lands on their way.
Its altitude ranges from 0 to 1,000 meters above sea level and its temperature is around 18 ºC, offering an annual variation of about 6 ° C. The rains are scarce, with a level of rainfall that is maintained below 150 mm. Between the Pacific desert flora Gallery forests, tilansials and crops such as mango, olive, melon or cotton stand out in some areas. Regarding the Pacific desert faunacan be found here, hut up, aguiluchos, herons, snakes and bats, as well as carachitas and charcocas.
Equatorial dry forest
Another of The ecoregions of Peru It is the area known as Equatorial dry forest. It is located on the north coast and is made up of vegetables with the capacity to adapt to the desert climate. Its altitude ranges from 0 to 2,800 meters above sea level, and its temperature is maintained between 23 ° C and 24 ° C. Animals such as Gray Deer, Aliblanca Pava, Costeño Fox and Hormiguero Bear stand out, in addition to birds such as Tumbes Picaflor.
Tropical Pacific Forest
It is a small area that is very close to the sea, in the heart of Tumbes. It has one Abundant vegetation and offers a Very humid tropical climatewith rainy season between December and March. Its altitude remains below 1,000 meters above sea level. In this Peruvian ecoregion there are a wide variety of animal species, such as armadillos, rabbits, tans and constrictor boas.
SERRANÍA Esteparia
It is located in the western zone of the Cordillera de los Andes. It is a steep territory with high mountains and precipices, as well as rivers and fertile valleys. The climate of the SERRANÍA Esteparia It is sunny and dry, although contrary there is a cold climate at night. In addition, this Peruvian ecoregion stands out for being the home of the National Flor del Perú, La Cantuta.
Learn much more about what SERRANIA Esteparia, its flora and fauna with this other ecology article.
The Puna
The area known as Puna is an ecoregion of height. In fact, because of this, its climate is very extreme. The climate of this part of Peru is very cold from its lowest area to 5,000 meters above sea level and, from this height, that is, from 5,000 meters above sea level to its highest point, the weather can be considered icy. In addition, the Puna has Andean-Pathagonic fauna.
The Páramo
The ecoregion of Peru known as The Páramo It is located in the Sierra de Piura and in Cajamarca, at an altitude above 3,500 meters above sea level. Its relief is steep and its climate is cold and humid, with some valleys that have a somewhat warmer climate.
High jungle and low jungle, other of the important ecoregions of Peru
Tropical rain forestswith one Huge biological diversity and in which most species of flora and fauna of the world inhabit. It is both hot and humid, and there are great rivers such as the Amazon, the Ucayali and the Mother of God.
In this other article we talk about the high jungle: characteristics, flora and fauna.
Sabana de Palmeras
The Sabana de Palmeras or Chaqueñais located in the eastern part of the department of Madre de Dios, next to the border with Bolivia, and consists of a great Palmeras plain and high pastures in the middle of the tropical jungle. Share the hot and humid climate of the jungle itself, with rainy season in summer.
If you want to read more articles similar to The ecoregions of Peru and its characteristicswe recommend that you enter our category of ecosystems.
