Bioclimatic areas: what are, what are, map and characteristics

Bioclimates and bioclimatic areas are concepts used in geography and weather for Describe and classify different types of climates that are found on earth. These classifications are based on a series of factors, such as temperature, humidity, precipitation and other climatic elements that influence the distribution of plant and animal life in a given region.

Bioclimas refer to the sets of climatic conditions that determine the type of vegetation and fauna present in a region. These climatic conditions include aspects such as the average annual temperature, thermal amplitude, the quantity and distribution of precipitation, the duration of the stations and other climate related factors.

Bioclimatic areas are geographical areas that share similar climatic characteristics and that are defined by the interaction of several climatic factors. These areas are mainly divided depending on temperature and precipitation, which allows them to classify them into different types of climates, such as tropical, subtropical, temperate, cold and polar.

Within each bioclimatic area, there may be local variations due to factors such as altitude, proximity to the sea, topography and the influence of ocean currents. For example, within the temperate climatic zone, subtypes such as the Mediterranean climate, the continental climate and the ocean climate, each with distinctive climatic characteristics can be found.

Bioclimatic areas are divided into several main categories, each characterized by a Specific set of climatic conditions:

• Tropical areas
• Subtropical areas
• Tempered areas
• Cold areas
• Polar areas

Here are the characteristics of the bioclimatic areas of the planet.

Tropical areas are areas located near Ecuadorbetween the tropics of cancer and caprricorn. The temperatures are high Throughout the year. The difference between day and night temperatures is minimal, with relatively small seasonal variations. This creates a warm and humid climate constantly.

Precipitation is high and well distributed throughout the year, with Frequent rains And sometimes intense storms. This constant humidity favors the development of lush and diverse vegetation, such as the tropical jungle.

In these areas you can find one of the Greater Biodiversity of the Planet due to favorable climatic conditions for plant and animal life. Tropical biomes include tropical jungle, savanna and the dry tropical forest, each with a unique variety of species adapted to its specific environment.

As in tropical areas, subtropical areas experience warm temperatures, but with a greater seasonal variation. Summers are usually hot, while winters may be softer, although they may present some thermal fluctuations depending on local climate location and influences.

Subtropical areas may experience a Large rainfall rangefrom relatively dry regions to areas with more abundant rains. It is usually due to the influence of factors such as the proximity to the ocean, sea currents and local topography. The biomes that we find include thickets, deciduous forests, meadows and semi -arid areas.

One of the most distinctive characteristics of temperate zones is the presence of well -defined stations. Summers are usually warm or moderate, while winters can be cold, with temperatures below zero in many areas.

These areas experience a Moderate precipitationwith a relatively uniform distribution throughout the year. However, there may be significant variations in the amount of rain according to geographical location and other local climatic factors.

They tell one daily and seasonal thermal amplitude considerable. During the summer, temperatures can be warm during the day and fresh at night, while in winter, temperatures can fluctuate between day and night, with lower and faster minimal. The biomes present in the temperate zones are varied and include mixed forests, deciduous forests, meadows, steppes and thickets, among others.

Cold and polar areas have extremely low temperaturesespecially during the winter months. Temperatures can descend below 0 ° C for long periods of time, creating frost and icy conditions.

In these regions, winters are usually prolonged, with Short days and long nights due to the inclination of the Earth’s axis. During winter, sunlight is scarce and temperatures can reach extremely low levels, which results in the formation of ice and permanent snow.

Vegetation in cold and polar areas is adapted to the hard climatic conditions. In the northernmost regions, such as the taiga (boreal forest), resistant trees such as pine and fir predominate. In the regions closest to the poles, the vegetation is scarce and is formed by small and resistant plants, such as lichens and mosses. As for fauna, you can find mammals such as the polar bear, the Arctic Wolf and the Reno, as well as migratory birds that take advantage of the warmest seasons to reproduce and feed.

In polar regions, the Most of the ground is permanently frozen in what is known as permafrost. In addition, these areas are covered by an ice and snow layer for much of the year, which contributes to maintaining cold temperatures and reflecting sunlight.

Cold and polar areas are especially Vulnerable to climate change. The increase in temperatures is causing the melting of ice caps and the loss of habitats for wildlife, which has significant repercussions on local ecosystems and global climate.

Now that you know what bioclimatic areas are, we recommend you read this article about the types of climates in the world.

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