Branches of biology and what do they study

Etymologically, “biology” the Greek terms Bios, which means “life”, and Lodge, which means “study” or “science.” Therefore, Biology is the science that studies the origin, evolution and characteristics of all living beingsso he studies the biodiversity of the planet. In addition, he also studies his vital processes, behavior and interactions with each other and with his environment.

Biology together is responsible for describing and analyzing the behaviors and characteristics of living beings, individually or as species, and characterizing the laws that govern the life of the different organisms.

Since on Earth a large number of organisms of great variety of species live, Biology is divided into multiple branches that deepen all the aspects that characterize the different organisms, to be able to study them better.

The Study fields Of each of the branches of biology are:

• Anatomy: Anatomy studies the internal structure of living beings and their organs.
• Environmental Biology: Study the relationship of living beings with their environment and with human beings.
• Cellular biology or cytology: This is the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells, but not at the molecular level.
• Evolutionary biology: This branch studies the changes that live beings have experienced and experience throughout evolutionary history, as well as descendants and ancestors common to the different groups of organisms.
• Human Biology: Study human populations from the point of view of genetic variability, their different biotypes, diseases that affect the human being, etc.
• Marine biology: Study the biological phenomena that occur in the marine environment, as well as the organisms that inhabit it.
• Molecular biology: Study biological phenomena at the molecular level and the function, structure and composition of the molecules that form life. Molecular biology studies, for example, the synthesis of proteins, aspects of metabolism or DNA replication.
• Biochemistry: Study the different chemical reactions that occur in living beings. It is also considered a branch of chemistry.
• Biotechnology: science based primarily on microbiology and is based on its application as technology to improve medical, industrial or agricultural processes.
• Botany: branch that studies and classifies plant organisms.
• Ecology: Rama of biology that studies the living beings that inhabit each ecosystem, the interrelations that are established between them and with their environment.
• Entomology: branch that studies arthropod organisms.
• Epidemiology: Rama that studies diseases and their spread.
• Ethology: branch that studies the behavior of living beings. It also relates to psychology.
• Embryology: Rama that studies the development and processes that take place during the gestation period of living beings.
• Physiology: Rama that studies the phenomena that occur in living beings. It is divided, in turn, in animal physiology, which studies phenomena such as breathing, blood circulation or nervous system, and plant physiology, which studies how sap circulates or the reproduction of vegetables.
• Pathophysiology: branch that studies dysfunctions that produce diseases in living beings.
• Genetics: Branch that studies genes, their expression or their inheritance.
• Histology: Rama that studies the function and composition of the tissues that are part of living beings.
• Immunology: Study the function and composition of the immune system of living beings.
• Mycology: Study the structure and composition of fungi and mushrooms. He also studies the pathogenic fungi of the human being.
• Microbiology: branch that studies microorganisms. In turn, it includes virology and bacteriology.
• Parasitology: Branch that studies helminths, trematodes, nematodes or amoebas, that is, parasites.
• Taxonomy: Rama that classifies living beings to simplify their study.
• Zoology: branch that studies animals.

Some of the most famous biologists in history And that more contributed to the development of the different branches of science were:

• Gregor Mendel: scientist who laid the basis of genetic inheritance at the end of the ninth century.
• Louis Pasteur: Scientist considered the father of microbiology and discoverer of some vaccines. He proposed that some diseases were caused by microorganisms.
• Alexander Fleming: Biologist who contributed to the development of antibiotics with the discovery of penicillin in the fungus Penicilium sp. . He received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945.
• Charles Darwin: English biologist who proposed that species evolved from each other.
• Edward Jenner: Considered the father of immunology, it was the one who developed the first smallpox vaccine.

Finally, we recommend these other articles on scientific curiosities of biology and bioethics: what is and principles.

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