Cartagena protocol: what is, objective and signatory countries

The principles of Cartagena protocol They focus on the Biotechnology security applied in the different agreements on biological diversity that, internationally, administer movements from one country to another from different species of Modified living organisms (OVMS).

This biosafety protocol was originally written in 1999, in the Colombian city of Cartagena de Indias (knowing itself as a protocol of Cartagena), although it was not adopted and finished until a year later, in the Canadian city of Montreal; recognizing itself as a complementary agreement to the agreement on biological diversity. Finally, this protocol entered into force on September 11, 2003.

With the ultimate goal of creating an apt environment for the application of the most innovative technologies already sustainable with the environment, the Cartagena protocol allows international biotechnology to obtain a maximum benefit of their research, while minimizing the risks that such biotechnological activity can cause both to the environment and the health of human beings. In this other ecology article, you can discover more about what biotechnology is and what it is for.

Let’s see in the next sections what are the concrete objectives established by the interesting protocol of Cartagena, as well as the different countries that signed it.

The Cartagena Protocol Principles They focus on the Modern Biotechnology Security cross -border, used in different modified living organisms. It is vital to guarantee such security since, the biotechnology applied to biological diversity can lead to different adverse effects in terms of conservation and sustainable use of such biodiversity. In this context, 40 articles and 3 annexes collect each and every one of the objectives set in Montreal, including objectives focused on the biotechnological security of:

• Pharmaceutical products.
• Procedures for the use of modified living organisms for direct use as human or animal food.
• Evaluations and risk efforts to avoid possible adverse effects that live modified organisms may suffer in their conservation and sustainable use as biological diversity.
• Manipulation, transport, packaging and identification by the Biotechnology Safety Information Exchange Center.
• Creation of capacity, awareness and participation of the public focused on the security in the transfer, manipulation and use of the modified living organisms, taking into account the sustainable conservation and use of them, as well as the possible risks for human health.
• Socio -economic considerations, financial mechanisms and resources, responsibility and compensation related to the different international norms and procedures resulting from the cross -border movements of modified living organisms.

The countries that signed the Cartagena protocol are 170. Each and every one of them presented their approval and participation in this important and essential international protocol aimed at guaranteeing the safety of biotechnological processes related to biological diversity.

Grouped according to the continent and/or geographical region to which they belong, some of these 170 countries that signed the Cartagena protocol are:

• Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia. Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique and Senegal.
• South America and Central America: Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay and Venezuela.
• Asia and El Pacífico: Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Jordan, Malays, Pakistan, Qatar, Thailand and Vietnam.
• Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine.
• Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Spain, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Switzerland and Turkey.

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