Menopause is not a disease, but a phase physiologically present in the life of the woman who coincides with the end of fertility. This period, which usually manifests itself between 45 and 55, involves significant changes at the hormonal level, with a progressive reduction in the production of estrogen by the ovaries. These changes do not only affect the body, but also interact with the mental health of the woman (Ministry of Health).
According to scientific literature, menopause can be associated with a series of Psychological symptomsincluding anxiety, depression, irritability, fatigue, mood changes, difficulty concentration and sleep disorders (Sandily & dening, 2011).
However, the relationship between menopause and mood disorders is not always linear, as the depressive symptoms can overlap with those deriving from the drop in estrogen, making their evaluation more complex.
Tackling these changes with appropriate psychological and medical education can be fundamental to guarantee good quality of life. In fact, even simple strategies such as adopting a balanced diet, implementing physical activity, following a hormone replacement therapy (if indicated) and seeking psychological support can help mitigate any unwanted effects of menopause.
Menopause and hormonal changes: the impact on the psyche
Menopause brings with it a significant reduction in the production of Estrogen and progesteronetwo hormones that play a key role in the regulation of mood and functionality of the central nervous system. Estrogen, in particular, have neuroprotective effects and influence the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, fundamental substances for mental well -being (pluchino et al., 2010). Their decrease can contribute to the onset of anxiety, depression, irritability and momentarily impact on some cognitive processes, such as difficulty concentration and memory.
A longitudinal study has shown that women in menopous transition tend to report more frequently the perception of a worsening of the quality of life, associated with a significant drop in physical and mental function than those that have not yet achieved this phase (Mishra et al., 2003).
In particular, women who remain in the perimenopausal state or who take hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) seem to show greater discomfort than this type of limitations.
Obviously, not all women live these changes in the same way. Factors such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle, pre -existing health conditions and social support can influence the psychological symptoms related to menopause. Some women are more vulnerable to hormonal imbalances and can develop more pronounced mood disorders, while others cross this phase with milder or almost absent symptoms.
In this sense, understanding the impact of menopause and recognizing early signs of unease can allow to intervene promptly with targeted treatments. In doing so, it would be possible to improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of developing conditions of more marked psychological malaise.
A personalized approach, which takes into account the specific needs of each woman, can make the difference in maintaining emotional and mental well -being during a period of change that can be significant for several reasons.
Menopausal transition: effects on mental health
The menopause period can represent a psychological challenge, not only for the biological changes in place, but also for the emotional and social impact that this phase can have. If the reduction of estrogen affects the regulation of mood, making some women more vulnerable to anxiety and depression (Hogervorst et al., 2022) on the other side, the social stigma and the presence of rigid cognitions on aging or on the concept of “femininity”, are elements that can undermine self -esteem and psychological well -being (Mauas et al., 2014).
Anxiety and menopause
Anxiety is a common symptom during menopause and can manifest itself in different forms, including constant concern, tension, irritability, palpitations and difficulty concentration. The decrease in estrogen, in fact, alters the functioning of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin and Gaba, which have a fundamental role in the control of anxiety (Bossé & Paolo, 1996).
To reduce anxious symptoms, it is possible to adopt effective strategies such as the Mindfulnesstheregular physical activitythe rdeep exhalation. In some cases, hormonal replacement therapy can represent a valid support, but it is always important to evaluate the benefits and risks with a specialist.
Depression and menopause
An article published on Archives of Women’s Mental Health It seems to indicate that during the menopause period the risk of depression can increase, in particular in women with a previous story of mood disorders. Symptoms can include persistent sadness, loss of interest for daily activities, fatigue, sleep disturbances and concentration difficulties. Hormonal fluctuations can in fact interact with psychological and personality factors, such as a high self -criticism, increasing the risk of developing more intense depressive symptoms (Mauas et al., 2014).
To deal with the depressive aspects that can be present in menopause, it may be useful to resort to the support of professionals. Furthermore, the importance of creating an adequate one is not underestimated social support: feeling understood and supported by friends, family or support groups can significantly improve emotional well -being.
Mood swings and irritability
Mood changes and irritability are common symptoms of menopause, often due to hormonal variations that influence emotional regulation. The reduction of estrogen can make stress management more difficult, increasing emotional sensitivity and leading to frequent and sudden mood changes (Hogevorst et al., 2022).
A study has shown that women with a strong tendency to self -criticism have greater difficulties in regulating emotions during menopause, increasing the risk of developing more marked depressive symptoms (Mauas et al., 2014). However, there are several strategies that can help maintain emotional stability, such as the adoption of relaxation techniques, meditation and physical activity. Also in this case, personalized hormonal therapy can be an option for some women, but it is important to discuss it with your doctor.
Stress and menopause: a connection not to be underestimated
The stress It is a key factor in modulating the experience of menopause, influencing the severity of physical and psychological symptoms. It has been shown that perceived stress and attitudes towards menopause can intensify symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, mood alterations and even muscle and joint pain, aggravating the sense of general malaise (Nosek et al., 2010).
In addition, the level of stress that has been experienced can play a role in early menopause, since factors such as chronic anxiety and psychological distress have been associated with an anticipation of the age of menopause and an accentuation of the correlated physical and psychological symptomatology (Bauld & Brown, 2009).
For decades, it has also been highlighted how a high level of stress has been related to an increase in sleep disorders, cognitive difficulties and physical symptoms such as hot flashes, palpitations and night sweats, all elements that contribute to a significant reduction in the quality of life during menopause (Ballinger, 1985). Furthermore, chronic stress can amplify the body’s inflammatory response, worsening some symptoms already present in the menopause period and increasing the risk of developing disorders such as anxiety and depression.
To improve psychological well -being it is essential to adopt Effective strategies stress management.
Among the most used resources we find the meditationtheregular physical activityone diet balanced and social support. Also relaxation techniques such as the Autogenic trainingmuscle relaxation training and it yoga They can help reduce the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, promoting greater serenity and resilience.
Finally, the psychological support and the psychotherapy Effective tools have proven to be proven to face stress and improve the ability to adapt to changes in menopause, contributing to a significant improvement in the quality of life.
Psychological consequences of menopause on daily life
Menopause can significantly influence the daily life of women, affecting emotional well -being, family and social relationships, self -esteem and self -perception.
The impact of hormonal changes cannot be divided clearly by psychosocial factors such as stress, family support, the cultural and socio -economic context that play a decisive role in the quality of menopausal experience. Recent studies highlight that stress experienced during critical events can increase the intensity of symptoms, such as heat flashes, while emotional support, especially if not continuous, does not always manage to attenuate its impact (Arnot et al., 2021). The presence of depression at this stage is associated with a significant reduction in the perception of the quality of life, social functionality and emotional adaptation, sometimes requesting the intervention of specialists in the psychological or psychiatric fields (Wariso et al., 2017).
At the same time, it is essential to recognize the importance of social determinants on health, such as the level of education, economic stability and relational support, which can influence the way a woman faces menopause (Namazi et al., 2019). Offering adequate listening and validation allows not only to manage the symptoms, but also to promote resilience, well -being and a positive vision of this transition phase.
A look at change
Menopause is a natural passage that every woman lives in a unique way. With the right approach, it can become an opportunity to take care of yourself, strengthen one’s well -being and discover new inner resources. Looking for medical and psychological support when necessary and adopting strategies to improve the quality of life are fundamental steps. Each woman deserves to face this phase with serenity, respect and trust in her personal path. Remembering that each change brings appropriate fears with it, but that with awareness, listening and support they can transform into growth, discovery and renewed inner force.
