If until recently there was only talk of anorexia and bulimia, today the so -called food disorders are many more.
Unfortunately, in fact, with the passage of time, they seem to develop New ailmentsless known, but not less dangerous, which find a peak between teenagers and young people.
The new ones eating disordersDespite being multifactorial in their etiopathogenesis, they seem particularly children of individualism, of the inability to relate to the other, of contemporary society.
These are new behaviors, therefore not yet recognizable as real pathologies, much less inserted in the main diagnostic manuals, but with a diffusion that can be able to talk about attitudes with a high risk of converting into real eating disorders.
Some do not yet have an Italian name and differ from Anorexia and bulimia For the ways in which you relate to food.
Among the new forms of Food disorders We find:
THE’Ortoressia (from the Greek vegetable garden and orexis, healthy and appetite) is a disorder (recently inserted in the psychiatric classification) characterized by the maniacal Obsession for healthy and “pure” foods (Generally raw vegetables, cereals and macrobiotic foods and in any case foods without pesticides, preservatives and other artificial substances), emphasized by the excessive alarmisms created by the mass media around food.
For subjects with Ortoressia The concern for food becomes the central focus of the entire existence, many hours a day are dedicated to the search for food, to the study of its real or alleged nutritional properties and its preparation.
All energies are engaged in the spasmodic search for the right food, neglecting any other interest and imposing one’s life.
Entire categories of foods are eliminated from the diet with a consequent lack of essential nutrients and an alteration of the psychophysical state. The diet is attributed to the possibility of making people better and the penalty becomes increasingly obsessive.
The iron adherence to the diet ofOrthoressic It is essential for the maintenance of self -esteem, the transgression of the rules causes anxiety and shame and requires the use of compensatory strategies that restore the balance, with a consequent further tightening of the rules; In the most serious cases the Ortoressici They prefer to die of hunger rather than take something that consider impure or dangerous for their own health.
The fundamental distinction between theOrtoressia and the other eating disorders consists precisely in the attention not so much on the quantity as on the quality of the food assumed.
There are no fear of gaining weight and dissatisfaction with your body typical of Anorexia and bulimiabut only the desire to become healthier and more pure; Weight loss is therefore to be considered a secondary effect; The distorted perception of reality is not related to its forms, but to the properties of food, often fueled by almost magical and completely unfounded beliefs.
The Ortoressici They are pleased and satisfied with their lifestyle, the isolation determined by their own eating habits reinforces the obsessive rituals regarding food and feeds the feeling of superiority compared to those who do not eat responsibly.
There Bigorexia (from the English Big, Grosso) is characterized by a strong body dispersion opposite to that which characterizes anorexia nervosa: who suffers from vigor Abuse of exercise, hyperprote and anabolic diets, to avoid the belief of appearing small, slender, inadequate.
Those suffering from this pathology therefore have the idea of being too weak and thin. It is a recent phenomenon, observed mainly in the male population between 15 and 23 years old, especially among the Gym visitors and Body-Building enthusiasts.
Unlike those suffering from anorexiawhich is seen fat despite being very lean, the bigorexic It is always seen and weak even when he has reached a very athletic physique, with strong consequences on his mood and on behavioral choices ranging from the intake of androgenic hormones, to anabolic drugs and illicit ergogenic substances, with the risk of serious liver and renal impairment.
The chronic concern of not being sufficiently muscular induces i bigorexic to a marked dependence on physical exercise with consequent impairment in the relevant areas of social, employment and relational functioning.
Dissatisfaction, anxiety and loss of self -esteem push i bigorexic To train more and more, with the intent of increasing muscle mass and abolishing fat mass, and following unbalanced diets.
There Prayer (From the English Pregnancy and Anorexia, pregnancy and anorexia) it is the eating disorder that afflicts pregnant women, that is, those who do not want to increase in weight during pregnancy and for this reason they undergo prolonged training and low -calorie diets, increasing the risk of depression, anemia and hypertension for themselves, and malformations for the fetus.
What characterizes the most prayer And it differentiates from other eating disorders is the moment of debut: the pregnancy, moment, for a woman, of crisis, reflection and profound transformation.
The most obvious symptoms of the prayer They are the talk of pregnancy in a detached and unrealistic way, a sign of the difficulty in serenely welcoming motherhood, excessive attention to the body, extreme concern for one’s weight in pregnancy, the sense of physical inadequacy.
In women with problems of anorexia or bulimiathe prayer It is a very common consequence, as pregnancy in itself constitutes a traumatic and uncontrollable event.
In women without previous pathology, the problem seems to be born from the emulation of behaviors often declare yourself from the celebrities that gossip newspapers speak, which immediately return to work after pregnancy, more slender than before.
There Drunkorexia (From the English Drunk and Anorexia, drunk and anorexia) is characterized by prolonged fasting during the day to reach large quantities of alcohol at the time of the aperitif.
The peculiar feature of this behavior drunkoressicemerging among teenagers, is that the will to lose weight is not an end in itself, but it is instrumental to the intake of alcohol: during the day you save the calories necessary to be able to abuse alcohol and spirits in the evening.
Alcohol becomes a tool to integrate socially, in order not to warn the sense of hunger and, in some cases, also to more easily induce vomiting.
The medical complications of this phenomenon are similar to those ofanorexia: cardiovascular alterations, electrolytic disorders, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, in addition to the risks deriving from the abuse of alcohol, that is, liver neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy and damage to the central nervous system.
