Our intention in Ecology Verde is to stay informed and solve doubts that you can have about the world around us and its nature. To know our environment, without a doubt, you have to learn from the base, from the smallest but important parts, as is the case of small parts of the plants called we are.
In this case we will answer doubts such as: What are the stomata exactly? What forms the Stoma structure? What are the characteristics of the stoma? Where are the stomata? We invite you to discover everything with this text, brief but informative, about the Stoma parts that we have created to help you better understand the evolution of plants and their function within our planet.
What are stomata and for
We begin by explaining what they are and in which part of the sheet the stomata are located, as well as what their functions are. Pores or adjustable openings that are located in the Epidermal tissue of plants (here you can learn more about plant tissues) and that are structured by Occlusive cells. These cells are responsible for the opening and closing of the stomata.
The Ostiolo is an opening that communicates with the interior of the Substomatic Chamber, which is where the exchange of gases is made. In addition, next to each occlusive cell, there are one or two modified epidermal cells that have the role of carrying out The opening and closing of the stomata.
Therefore, we can say that main function of stomata is to help in the process of Gaseous exchangefundamental to optimally perform photosynthesis and breathing. Remember that photosynthesis is the process by which vegetables transform sunlight into energy they can use for development and you should not confuse it with plant breathing. Therefore, it is understood as plant breathing to the process in which the stomues take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen created as a resulting disposable product. In these other articles we talk about what photosynthesis, its process and importance and the difference between photosynthesis and breathing.
Another of the Stoma functions It is to perform the perspiration process. Thanks to this, the plant can eliminate excess water, getting the specimen to be able to regulate water inside and thus manage to adapt to the weather. All this mechanism performed by occlusive cells is known as stomatic movement.
What are the parts of the stoma of a plant
He stomatic system It is formed by two types of specialized cells:
- OCLUSIVE OR PROTECTIVE CELLS: They are larger than the annexes and are bordering the pore, it also calls ostire. These cells are able to increase their size and contract to cause the opening or closure of pore. In addition, these cells have chloroplasts, essential organelles for the photosynthetic process.
- Subsidiary or accessory cells: This other types of stomata cells have the function of creating a protective barrier.
Finally, we also find the Subestomatic Chamberwhich is the space created between the cells and that is communicated abroad.
Types of stomata
There are two large groups to Classify the stomata of a plant: according to their annexed cells and according to its origin and development.
Types of stoma according to its annexed cells
- Anisocytic or cruciferous: Those who have three annexed cells. Two of them are equal and a smaller. This type of stoma is mainly found in the Family of the Solanaceae.
- Anomocytic or ranunculaceo: these are have attached cells and are characteristic of dicotyledonous plants. However, they can also be found in other families such as the amyryllidaceae and Dioscoreaceae.
- Cyclocytic: They are characterized by having numerous subsidiary cells.
- Diacitic or Cariofilaceo: formed by two annexed cells perpendicular to the occlusive. These types of stomata are typical of cliff families and cariofilacea.
- Helicocytic: they have several subsidiary cells that are around the occlusive cells.
- Paracitic or Rubiáceo: In the case of this type of stomata we find two annexed cells arranged in parallel to the occlusive cells that make it up.
- Tetracytic: those that are formed by four subsidiary cells. They are characteristic of many of the monocotyledonous families.
Types of stoma according to its origin and development
- MONTHGY: This type of stoma have as particularity that both occlusive cells and annexed cells are formed from the same cell after completing a cell division three times.
- Mesoperigen: These stomata originate from a stem cell that gives rise to several occlusive cells and a single annexed cell. The remaining cells are created from other protodermal cells.
- PERENGEN: In this case the stem cell only creates the occlusive cells. Annexed cells are created from other cells found in protodermis.
Classification of the leaves according to the location of their stomata
Why do we make this classification? Because in the leaves it is where a greater number of stomata is located. However, it is also important to know that The stomata are present throughout the epidermis of the plantso we can also find them in stems, flowers and fruits. In fact, in some plants you can also find at the root.
We can talk about three Types of leaves according to the location of their stomata:
- Epiestomatic: They are present in those plants with stomata in the beam.
- Hypoestomatic: Unlike the epiestomatic ones, the stomata are located only on the sheet of the leaf. They are leaves of tree species.
- Ampiestomatic: In this case, the stomata are present on both sides of the sheet and is a very characteristic feature of most herbaceous plants.
A curious fact is that the frequency or density of the stomata can vary both by the influence of environmental factors, as well as by the morphology of the leaves and, even, by their genetic composition.
We also recommend learning about the types of leaves according to other classifications.
If you want to read more articles similar to Stoma partswe recommend that you enter our biology category.
