Ecosystems are formed by a physical means, or also called Biotopo, in which living organisms that form a biotic community (biocenosis) are related. There are many countries with a great diversity of ecosystems and life in them. For example, Peru is a megadiverse country, since it has a wide variety of ecosystems that are distributed throughout its national territory.
In this interesting ecology article we will talk about all Peruvian ecosystems and will be classified depending on whether they belong to terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems. So, keep reading and discover What are the ecosystems of Peru and its characteristics.
Peru Ecosystems List
Peru has 39 ecosystems; 12 of them belong to the Tropical jungle, 4 to the Yunga region, another 12 are identified in the Andean region, 9 in the coast zone and 2 in aquatic ecosystems.
- Rain forest: Herbaceous-arbustive swamp, wet savanna with palm trees (Pampa del Heath), palm swamp, flood flood alluvial forest, flood alluvial forest of white waters, high or non-flood terrace forest, rod, low hill forest, high hill forest, hill forest of Sierra del Divisor, Pacal and Forest Forest. Here you can know the flora and fauna of the Peruvian jungle.
- Yunga region: Yunga Basimontan Forest, Montano Forest of Yunga, Altimontano (storm) forest of Yunga and Montano bushes.
- Andean region: Páramo, Pajonal de Puna Dry, Pajonal of Wet Puna, Bofedal, Periglaciar and Glacier, Jalca, Dry Puna Scrub, Relicto Forest High Andean (Queñoal and others), Relictual Forest Montan Apurímac) and Andean scrub. To learn more about this area of Peru, we recommend this other article on the Andean region: characteristics, flora and fauna.
- Coast: Tropical Pacific Forest (Tumbes), mangrove, seasonally dry hill and mountain forest, coastal hill, Xérico scrub, seasonally dry plain forest, seasonally dry riparian forest (Algarrobal), coastal desert and coastal wetland. In this other post you can discover 25 animals from the Peruvian coast.
- Aquatic: rivers and lakes and lagoons.
Terrestrial Ecosystem of Peru
Next, some of the ecosystems that we have mentioned in the previous list will be described in greater detail, which are classified within The terrestrial ecosystems of Peru:
Non -flood terrace forest
Ecosystem with a flat relief or can present some very slight undulations, with form moves away from the river, about 20 meters high. It has a dense sotobosque, and its trees have a canopy that can reach up to 25 meters. It is the trees that predominate, although you can also find some palm trees.
PACAL
It is a characteristic Amazon ecosystem of southern Peru. It is occupying large areas, in terraces and hills, with a very abundant coverage of PACA. The species that dominates this ecosystem are: Guadua Weberbaueri, G. Sarcocarpa and G. Angustifolia. In the barely develop the undergrowth and presents some tree species.
Paramo
It is an Andean ecosystem located in northern Peru, with a shrub and herbaceous vegetation located in areas characterized by seasonal rains and slightest rains, which occur throughout the year. In addition, it is an area where the daily temperature suffers fluctuations and its soils are hydromorphic, that is, with abundant water. In this ecosystem you can find endemic species, and has a great wealth of flora species.
In this other post you can learn more about the moor: characteristics, flora and fauna.
Seasonally dry plain forest
Homogeneous, extensive and deciduous underground ecosystem that is occupied by trees such as the Prosopis Pallida and P.Limensis, or better known for carob. It is a forest that has few species and has a height of 5-8 meters with shrubs and wild herbs.
Aquatic ecosystems of Peru
Within the Aquatic ecosystems of Peru We also find a great variety. Of all those who have previously appointed some in more detail:
Lake and Lagoon
The two main lakes found in Peru are the Junín Lake at 4,000 meters above sea level (meters above sea level) and Lake Titicaca at 3,800 meters above sea level, are considered high wetlands. These bodies of water are large and depth and can be brackish, salty or sweet water. On the other hand, the lagoons are less depth, they have different capacities to store the water and their regime can be both permanent and temporary. Here you can learn more differences between lake and lagoon.
Rivers
They are natural water currents that vary in their size and depth, can be placed in different reliefs, from those with large slopes to flat reliefs. The rivers in Peru occupy, approximately, an area of 1.14% of the entire national territory.
Mangroves
Hydromorphic ecosystem, located on estuaries of intermareal brackish areas. It is characterized as a dense or semi -duty forest since it reaches 10 meters high, its undergobosque is highly developed with abundant shrubs and herbaceous and is usually composed of mangroves. Other vegetations found in these ecosystems are the Rhizophora Mangle, Rhizophora Harrisoni, Avicenia Germinans and Know Erect. In this other article we talk more about what a mangrove is and its characteristics.
Herbaceous-arbustive swamp
It is an ecosystem with abundant water, that is, hydromorphic in which herbaceous predominate such as grasses and cipperaceous and is located on land with a bad drainage, so sometimes they face floods. Their soils are organic and bogs develop. In them we see abundant wild herbs with a height of up to 2 meters and some bushes of about 4 to 5 meters.
If you liked to know all this about Peru’s ecosystemsmaybe you want to expand the information about the natural wealth of this country with these other articles of ecology see:
- Natural heritage of Peru.
- The ecoregions of Peru and its characteristics.
- Biodiversity of Peru: characteristics and importance.
If you want to read more articles similar to What are the ecosystems of Peruwe recommend that you enter our category of ecosystems.
