What is a native or native species

The native or native species They are those species of animals, plants or any other type of living organism, that is living beings, whose natural origin corresponds to a certain territory. This territory does not have to correspond directly to the geographical limits established for countries and continents, but rather, its territorial limits are marked by concrete climatic conditions and a certain ecosystem.

Each and every one of the native species provides great wealth and importance to the proper functioning of an ecosystem, since the proper functioning of it will depend on optimal abundance and stability of these species, as well as on positive interspecific relationships with the other native species of the region.

However, when new species arrive that have been introduced by man, this balance can be subject to serious risk, and the native species will be the main victims. Let’s see in the following section what name and characteristics correspond to these species introduced in an ecosystem.

Exotic species are characterized by having been transported and introduced into new territory in an unnatural waythat is, introduced by the human being. Various events throughout history have allowed these exotic species (both animals and vegetables) to have been introduced by the human being in new territories, colonizing them and resulting in very harmful to the ecosystems in which they are introduced, in most cases.

Within exotic species, the occasional exotic species (They appear promptly in certain territories and leave no offspring), of the Naturalized exotic speciesthose that remain prolonged in new territory and produce offspring, becoming invasive species, characterized by uncontrolled growth of their populations, the modification of the previous balance and characteristics of the environment and producing as a consequence numerous environmental problems.

Among these Invasive exotic species that they arrive as pets and that escape or are intentionally released in natural environments and thus displace populations of native species, the current case of the Argentine Cotors (Myiopsitta monachus), which, in numerous Spanish cities they are causing an imbalance in the native populations of common sparrows (Passer Domesticus) and Turkish turtled (Streptopela Decaocto).

Learn more about the introduction of exotic species, its causes and consequences in this other article.

Another of the most used terms to describe the species of flora and fauna that we can find inhabiting a certain territory is that of “endemic” species. The Endemic species They are those that grow and reproduce only and exclusively in a given territory. Normally, endemic species are considered in turn native or native species In a certain place, however, a native or native species does not have to be an endemic species, as long as its geographical distribution is not limited to a territory exclusively.

You can learn more about endemic species in this post of ecology Verde on endemic species: definition and examples.

For example, the famous Iberian lynx (Lynx Pardinus), is considered an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula (because it does not live anywhere else on the planet), being also a native animal of the same region, because it finds its natural origin. Instead, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) It is not endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, since it also lives in the mountains of other European countries, as well as in Alaska and Canada. However, it is a native or native species of the Iberian Peninsula, since this is its region of natural origin.

To see more clear cases, we recommend reading this other article on examples of endemic species in Spain.

In the next section we will put more examples of native or native animals from different countries to continue understanding and better differentiating native species.

Finally, we show some lists of examples of native or native species according to areas corresponding to countries.

Native or native species of Spain

• Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus)
• Jabalí (Your scrofa)
• Brown bear (Ursus arctos)
• Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila Adalberti)
• Disposable vulture (GYPS Fulvus)

Native or native species of Mexico

• Coyote (Canis Latrans)
• Kangaroo rat (genre Dipodomys)
• Axolote or axolot (Ambystoma Mexicanus)
• Beat snake (genre crotalus)
• Zafiro Colibrí (Trochilinae Family)

Native or native species of Peru

• Puma (Puma concolor)
• Flames (Lama Glama)
• Guinea pig (Cavia Porcellus)
• Green anaconda (Eunectes Murinus)
• Peruvian rock cock (Rupícola Peruvianus)

Native or native species of Bolivia

• Alpaca (Vicugna Pacos)
• Andean deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus)
• Chinchilla del Sajama (Chinchillula Sahamae)
• Ñandú petiso (Rhea Pennata)
• Pesces of the genus Oestias and Trichomycterus (Lake Titicaca)

Native or native species of Brazil

• Amazonian tapir (Terrestres tapirus)
• Mute rattlesnake (Lachesis muta)
• Tucán touo (Ramphastos touo)
• Colorado Zorzal (Turdus rofiventris)
• Pink salmon tarantula (Lasiodora Parahybana)

Native or native species of Guatemala

• Jaguar (Panthera onca)
• Black hands spider (GEOFFROYI ATELES)
• Central American tapir (Tapirus Bairdi)
• Quetzal (Pharomacrus mocinno)
• OCELADO PAV (Meleagris Ocalylata)
  

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