The brooding
Pathological brooding is a negative, analytical and perseveral repetitive style of repetitive thought, implemented in order to pursue different purposes.
It is configured as a voluntary strategy, the use of which derives from the presence of specific (destination) beliefs relating to the usefulness of adopting it in order to face certain problems or experiences.
However, it is generally perceived as an automatic process and not in its own control. The Pathological brood It can be conceptualized as a transdiagnostic process: it hinders normal self -regulation processes, elaboration and adaptation of our mind. Focusing attention on specific issues or problems, still to this experiences that do not belong to this time.
As, extends the duration and increases the intensity of emotional states and unpleasant or painful sensationspredisposing to the onset of symptoms or psychological disorders.
Also, the pathological brood hinders the adoption of functional behavior; paralyzes the movements of the person; hinders the search processes of effective solutions and physiological distraction; consumes cognitive resources; increases stress levels and reduces self -control, promoting the adoption of impulsive behavior.
Various types of repetitive thoughts
There are different types of negative repetitive thought styles. Below, they will be briefly illustrated, with a more detailed focus on the angry rumination.
Anxious brood
The anxious broodgenerally, it is implemented as a result of future -oriented automatic thoughts, in order to reduce the levels of uncertainty or threatening perceived.
It is focused on negative scenarios that could happen and how to face them. Typically hesitates in the maintenance and increase in the levels of alarm, anxiety and uncertainty perceived. This process is typical of anxiety and central disorders in generalized anxiety disorder.
Desidement brood
The Desidement broodgenerally, is focused on hypothetical and desirable scenarios, actions or situations. The adoption of this process becomes risky, in particular, when these scenarios concern desires that the person would not want to implement. For example, a betrayal, the use of narcotic substances, the intake of alcohol or nicotine during the practice of abstinence, the consumption of hypercaloric food during the adoption of a low -calorie diet.
Desiderant mullionant maintains and feeds the levels of stress perceived and promotes the adoption of impulsive choices. This process is typical of pathological addictions.
Depressive rumination
There depressive ruminationgenerally, is focused on the search for causes and explanations of unpleasant or painful events or situations emotionally occurred in the past or currently present, including certain symptoms or body sensations.
Typically, it maintains and feeds the presence of Negative automatic thoughts and painful emotional states in the present. In particular in reference to self -criticism and the sense of impotence. This process is typical of depressive disorders.
Angry rumination
There Rabbiosa rumination (Angers rumination) It is a cognitive process similar to that of depressive rumination. Similarly to it, it is typically oriented to the search for causes or explanations.
However, it is focused on events, experiences and memories connected to anger. The search for the causes, in this process, is generally also oriented towards the behavior of others.
Typically, an angry rumination implies the Thinking, rethinking, repeating, imagining, reiterating, fantasizing, “remaining” and reliving, an event that has occurred in the past in which the person has experienced anger.
The person could hire into fantasies, generally unattainable, relating to what he could have (or perhaps due) to do differently. Or how they could have, or due to others.
Generally, in this area the issues are related to Injustice, refusal, submission, offense, revenge, revenge, provocation, competition for the rank and redefinition of roles, control and perceived powerin a given relational situation.
The role of metacredances
The adoption of this process, as for the other transcribes, is secondary to the presence and activation of Specific positive metacredances About the usefulness of resorting to this process in order to pursue specific designs important for the person.
In particular, the most common metacredances concern the fact that rumination is useful for the purpose of emotional regulation, the understanding of problems, the increase in awareness and the ability to manage negative events, as well as to manage one’s behavior in a functional way.
However, the angry rumination It does not allow you to process and “leave the injustices suffered in the past”. In particular, as described by the “Just Yesterday Experience”, Through the repetition of certain thoughts or images, the person experiences the same emotions experienced in the specific situation and with similar levels of intensity.
Thus, the angry rumination hinders the normal self -regulation process, i perceived levels of anger are maintained high Over time and the person does not act to face the conflict that worked in a functional way. It continues to face it and try to solve it on a purely hypothetical and mental level.
Also, the angry rumination feeds stress and tension levels perceived by the person and consumes cognitive resources.
Angry rumination and self -control difficulties
All these mechanisms reduce the skills of self -control and tolerance of unpleasant emotions and sensations, promoting emotional discomfort. In particular, they increase the probability that an event, perhaps even scarcely relevant for the subject, leads to exaggerated and disconnected reactions.
These reactions may include the adoption of real aggressive behavior, verbally or physically, both in adulthood and in adolescence, both in people with a psychological disorder and in the absence of psychopathology.
In the psychopathological field, these processes that lead to disregulation are detected, for example, in the borderline personality disorder. In this they seem to correlate with the severity of symptoms and mediate the relationship between emotional discomfort and adoption of heterodirect aggressive behaviors.
Also, an angry rumination was found to be associated with:
- perfectionism
- worst quality of sleep up to real sleep disorders
- depressive rumination
- worse quality of interpersonal relationships
- not predisposition to forgiveness
- reduced ability to manage stress
- Increment of impulsive levels
- worse quality of life
- minor levels of well -being perceived
- predisposition to behavioral discomfort, particularly in personality disorders.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is important in order to learn useful strategies for reduce rumination. In particular, starting from the conceptualization shared with the patient of the ruminative process, metacognitive therapy bases its treatment on the increase in awareness regarding events activating the process, as well as the effects and disadvantages of the same.
Also, strategies to move attention, racing of the ruminative process, questioning the metacredances that support their use and promotion of new functional ways to deal with events are used.
Bibliography
- Baer, Ra, & Sauer, if (2011). Relationship Bethaeen Depressive Rumination, Angers Rumination, and Borderline Personality Features. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment.
- Caselli, G., Offers, A., Martino, F., Varalli, D., Ruggiero, GM, Sassaroli, S., Spada, MM, Wells. A. (2017). Metacognitive Beliefs and rumination as predictors of Angers: A prospective study. Aggressive behavior.
- Caselli, G., Ruggero, GM, and Sassaroli, S. (2017). Brood. Repeactive thought theory and therapy. Raffaello Cortina publisher.
- Maya Peled & Marlene M. Moretti (2007) Rumination on Angers and Sadness in Teenascence: Fueling of Fury and Deepening of Despair. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology.
- Besharat, Ma & Shahidi, S. (2010). Perfectionism, Angers, and Angers Rumination. International Journal of Psychology.
- Salguero, JM, García -Sancho, E., Ramos -Cejudo, J., & Kannis -Dymand, L. (2020). Individual Differences in Angers and Displaced Aggression: The Role of Metacognitive Beliefs and Angers Rumination. Aggressive behavior.
- Stoia-Caraballo, R., Rye, MS, Pan, W., Kirschman, Kjb, Lutz-Zois, C., & Lyconi AM (2008). Negative Affect and Angers Rumination as MediaTors Bethaeen Forgiveness and Sleep Quality. Journal of Behavoral Medicine.
- Wang, X., Yang, L., Yang, J., Gao, L., Zhao, F., Xie, X., & Le. (2018). Trait Angers and Aggression: A moderated mediation model of angener rumination and moral disengagement. Personality and Individual Differences, 12544-49.
- Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy of anxiety disorders and depression. Erickson.
