Natural sciences are the sciences that include all scientific disciplines dedicated to the study of nature, focusing mainly on physical aspects and excluding those related to human being. For their development, application and studies, natural sciences rely on logic, reasoning and existing methodologies of the scientific method, including, when practical developments are necessary.
The aspects that include the natural sciences that can be divided into several categories depending on their scope and study can distinguish various main branches that, in turn, are divided into other subcategories in order to guarantee the understanding of nature in all its areas. Do you want to know what they are? In ecology, we tell you everything about What are natural sciences and their branches.
Science of living beings
The main branch dedicated to the study of the origin, evolution, characteristics and properties (nutrition, morphology, reproduction, etc.) of living beings is the biology. Thus, this science is responsible for describing the characteristics and behaviors of organisms In an individual way, as a species, and as a whole, in relation to other species or living beings, in order to establish the general laws that define the principles of organic life.
Some of the SUbcategories in which biology is divided are:
- Cell Biology: It focuses on the study of cells, their structure and functions, since they are the basic and primary units that form living beings.
- Molecular biology: It focuses on the methods and tools used by cells to carry out their functions, such as component synthesis or metabolic processes.
- Marine biology: It is dedicated to the study of life in marine ecosystems, flora, fauna, conservation, and other biological elements.
- Microbiology: specializes in the study of microorganisms, which are unicellular living beings (formed by a single cell) and a very small size so they are not appreciable to the human eye and can only be observed through a microscope. Examples of these microorganisms are bacteria and viruses.
- Genetics: It is dedicated to the study of the genome, the information it contains and how it is transmitted from generation to generation.
- Botany: It is dedicated to the study of vegetables and those who although they are not vegetables, share characteristics with them such as algae, fungi and cyanobacteria.
- Zoology: It specializes in the study of animals, understanding a wide range of species, from those simpler aspects such as sea sponges to those more complex organisms such as mammals.
- Ecology: It is the branch of biology dedicated to the study of ecosystems, the interaction of living beings with each other and with their surroundings. In the following article you can see what are the branches of ecology.
Earth and Space Sciences
Within this field we find two of the main branches in which the sciences of nature are divided, which are the Geology and Astronomy.
The geology It is the science that is studied Composition, internal and superficial structure of the land globe as well as its dynamics and evolution over geological time. It is currently applied mainly for the study of mineral and hydrocarbons deposits, although it also becomes important when determining possible natural disasters.
Like the rest of the sciences It is divided into important subcategories of research among which we will highlight:
- Historical Geology: Study the changes and transformations that have occurred on the planet from its origins to the present.
- Paleontology: Study the biology of past times through fossils.
- Mineralogy: It is responsible for the study of the composition and categorization of minerals.
The astronomyhowever, it deals with the study of the universe, planets, satellites, stars, comets, dark matter and all celestial bodies and phenomena that take place outside the Earth’s border. Some of the branches in which this science is divided:
- Astronautics: Study the navigation and trajectory of artificial objects sent to outer space.
- Planetary, solar and stellar astronomy: It is dedicated to the study of the birth, growth and evolution and end of the celestial bodies.
- Cosmology: This science studies the universe as a whole analyzing its large -scale properties and in most cases in a theoretical way.
Matter and energy sciences
In this category are the Physics and chemistry.
The physics Understand the study of matter and its movementor in a theoretical and experimental way in space and time. It is generally related to other sciences, depending on the nature of the elements as occurs in the case of astrophysics, geophysics or biophysics.
The chemistryhowever, Study atoms, compounds and their transformationas well as the reactions that can occur between them. Chemistry is very wide so it is also divided into other branches such as:
- Analytical chemistry: identifies and analyzes the properties of chemical systems.
- Industrial Chemistry: It owes its name to which it is applied mainly in the industry, studying those processes that can lead to large -scale productions, their profitability and environmental impact.
- Biochemistry: It is linked to biology for the study of chemical reactions that affect living beings. It has great importance in the agricultural and environmental world.
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